Why We Can’t Predict the Future

by jd on July 19, 2008

The joy of a Caribbean vacation. The white sand, the aqua water, relaxing with loved ones by the pool. Such were the things I looked forward to several years ago when we booked a holiday along the Mexican Caribbean coast. We were scheduled to leave snowy Idaho a few days before Christmas, fly to Atlanta for the night, and take a short flight to Cancun the next morning where a rental minivan would be waiting. We’d then drive south to an ocean side condo and be frolicking in the sand by mid afternoon.

For months leading up to our departure, I imagined the sunny days of calm and tranquility. Somehow in my mind’s eye I overlooked a few details.

We woke the morning of our departure to a massive snowstorm. Our flight out of Idaho was canceled so the airline bussed us five hours to Salt Lake City where we caught a delayed flight to Atlanta that arrived late at night. The next morning, having slept for less than four hours, we returned to the airport and found utter chaos. Thousands of travelers with their stacks of luggage snaked through the terminal, all having the same aim as us—to escape for the holidays. We barely made our flight.

Upon arrival in Cancun, we found the rental car company didn’t have our reserved minivan. They didn’t even rent minivans. Instead, they offered a subcompact to hold our three kids, five suitcases and an assortment of backpacks. It took an hour before the car was cleaned and readied.

We arrived at the condo too late to hit the beach, but the next morning we walked to a pristine stretch of sand in front of a neighboring hotel, laid out our towels and water toys and prepared to take a dip.

A Mexican security guard caught me before I hit the water.

“You have to move,” he said in broken English, adjusting his ill-fitting brown uniform.
“Por que?” I said.
“This beach is private,” he continued in Spanish.
“There are no private beaches in Mexico. They’re all public.” I sensed the condescending stares from my fellow sunbathers. They clearly thought we were beach interlopers.
“The boss says you must go. This is a private beach” The guard shifted his feet, apparently not used to gringos knowing Mexican laws.
“Tell your boss we won’t leave. This is public ground.”

He went to find his boss, who came and told me the same story. We still refused to budge. They then went after the hotel manager, who finally gave us permission to remain on the beach.

So we stayed, but the water seemed less inviting now. After an hour, we decided to return to our hotel pool where we didn’t need permission to swim. There we found a family from Spain with their three teenage daughters, who insisted on swimming and jumping off the diving board topless to the utter fascination of my young sons.

Except for major items like water and sand, my prediction of what our Caribbean vacation would be like wasn’t even close to what transpired. Dan Gilbert explains why in his fascinating book, Stumbling on Happiness.

When we see into the distant future we tend to think abstractly, leaving out many details and putting too much faith in the accuracy of the details we imagine. It’s like seeing a giraffe in the distance. We know it’s a giraffe by its neck, but we can’t see its spots, its mouth or its ears. Our brain knows this and compensates. Unfortunately, our brains are lousy at realizing our imagined future is as fuzzy as a distant giraffe. Hence, our predictions of what will be are invariably wrong.

During the frigid Idaho winter, my vision of spring bicycle rides is full of sun, pleasant breezes and smooth roads. When I actually get back on my bike come spring, I am startled by the ever-present headwind that howls in my ears, the bugs that fly in my mouth, the dogs that sneak up to snap at me and that once smooth roads have been chip sealed with gravel, making them as rough as cobblestone.

In 1908, Wilbur Wright was honored by the Aero Club of Paris. He spoke at a dinner in front of 200 guests, which included many of France’s premiere scientists and experts on aviation (Link to original New York Times Article).

Regarding the airplane, Wilber Wright said, “Ten years ago the world ridiculed the idea. As late as 1901, I told my brother men would not fly for fifty years, yet two years later we flew.”

How is it Wilbur Wright could be off by 48 years when he was a leading expert on flight? The writer Arthur C. Clarke said, “When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.”

We, like Wright, get it wrong when imagining the future because the starting point for our predictions is invariably what we know and feel today. Our present feelings cloud our ability to see across time. Wilbur probably made his prediction about flight to his brother on a particularly frustrating day.

Of course, not all surprises as we move from the present to the future our unpleasant. Swinging in the hammock on the roof of our Mexican condo, watching a pair of Chiapecan boys wrestle poolside next the trinkets they were selling, eating delightful candlelight dinners along Lake Bacalar, and watching wild howler monkeys in the trees above the Mayan ruins of Calakmul were all unanticipated discoveries on our holiday vacation.

Living on the present’s edge means not worrying about the future or trying to predict what it will be like. Rather, it’s recognizing the future will be full of surprises, and like catching popping corn, we can latch onto the unexpected discoveries.

{ 0 comments }

Burning Ships

by jd on July 17, 2008

 In 1519, Hernan Cortés landed with a fleet of 12 ships near present day Veracruz, Mexico.  The flotilla held 500 Spaniards, 300 natives, a dozen horses and a few cannons. Cortés’ aim was to conquer the Aztec Empire and take possession of its great wealth.

The legend is that before launching the attack Cortés burned his ships to prevent his men from retreating.   Through the ages this brazen act has come to represent fully committing to a course of action.  Going all in.  Burning all bridges.

The legend is also wrong.  It turns out Cortés had nine of the twelve ships sailed into the sand, grounding them.  There is no word on the other three ships.  According to Hugh Thomas in the Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the Fall of Old Mexico, the burning ship error derives from sloppy handwriting.  Two Spanish words were confused in the written record: quebrando (breaking) and quemando (burning).

Cortés was successful in his conquest, but one wonders if he intended to use the three unharmed ships as a backup plan in case the expedition didn’t go well.

While there are times it makes sense to burn ships to prevent retreat, there are other times when doing so is foolhardy.  How do we discern which is which?  The sketch below provides some insight.

sizebet3.jpg

As the personal cost of being wrong about an idea or decision increases along with the uncertainty of success, the size of the bet should be reduced.

For example, the negative consequences for a twenty five year old with no dependents who quits her job and maxes out a few credit cards to start a business that ultimately fails is much less than for a fifty year old with a child in high school and another in college who also quits his job and liquidates his 401k to start a similar venture.

The twenty five year has many more years to get back on her feet whereas the fifty year old’s failure could have catastrophic consequences for his retirement.

Earlier, I mentioned testing new thoughts, trying new things, is the essence of expanding the present, but not everyone is brave enough to do it.  Learning to scale our new endeavors based on the uncertainty of success and the personal cost of being wrong increases our courage to try new things.

I love the concept of the piecemeal engineer introduced by Karl Popper in Poverty of Historicism A piecemeal engineer is a tinkerer—someone who doesn’t believe in burning ships.  Piecemeal engineers seek to achieve their aims by “making small adjustments and readjustments which can be continually improved upon.”  Like Socrates they know how little they know so they are always on the “lookout for the unavoidable, unwanted consequences of reform.”

The leading edge of the present is where the best ideas are found.  It is also the realm of maximum uncertainty because it’s the jumping off point into the unpredictable future.

Experimenting is the key to minimizing pain amidst such uncertainty.   Experiments increase flexibility to react to the unintended consequences of our actions, both the positive and the negative.  And on the present’s leading edge there are always unintended consequences.  Having a ship to retreat to when a surprise turns nasty not only can save our hides but it provides a safe haven to regroup before venturing out again.

{ 4 comments }

Catch the Popping Corn

by jd on July 12, 2008

Dozens of popcorn kernels spin around an air popper’s chamber.  Tucked inside each kernel’s hard shell is a water droplet in a pocket of starch.  As the temperature in the popper rises, the moisture begins turning to steam.

Pressure builds inside the kernels until one by one the casings give way in a steam explosion so powerful the kernel turns inside out as it arcs through the air.

Apply enough heat and popcorn will pop.  That outcome is certain.  Knowing beforehand which kernel you will catch in the air is impossible.

New ideas are like popping corn.   They’re abundant if you know where to look and brave enough to try them on.  They are out there floating on the ether, waiting for us to pick them up as Paul Arden writes in his book, It’s Not How Good You Are, It’s How Good You Want To Be.   But forecasting which idea will be successful, which idea will make a difference in our lives is as difficult as predicting the timing and trajectory of a popping kernel.

Just because we can’t tell beforehand which ideas will make a difference to us shouldn’t stop us from trying them on.  Testing new thoughts, trying new things, is the essence of expanding the present.  Not everyone is brave enough to do it.

My friend’s in-laws went on a mission trip to Thailand.  Six month after their departure, my friend traveled overseas to visit them.  He loves Thai food.  This trip would be nirvana for his taste buds.  Two days after arriving, my friend still hadn’t eaten a Thai meal.  They would pass street vendors and restaurant stalls, but his in-laws insisted they return to their small apartment where they would eat bland American dishes.

Finally, on the third day my friend couldn’t stand it.  He asked if they could eat out at a Thai restaurant.  His in-laws were hesitant.  They said they were tired of Thai food.  They didn’t really like it.

“What have you had?” he asked.
“Sweet and sour chicken.”
“What else?”
“That’s it,” they said.
“You’ve been here six months and all you’ve eaten is sweet and sour chicken?”
“Yep.  That’s the only dish we’ve heard of”

Fear had kept them from trying anything else.  Needless to say my friend introduced his in-laws to a wide variety of curries and noodle dishes.  They ended up loving Thai food.

This blog is about living in the present.  Not the mediocre present where bland meals are partaken safely within the walls of tiny apartments, but the leading edge of the present — that thin line that separates the now from the unpredictable future.  The expanded present where deep within a maze of back alleys on a faraway isle, a Thai cook experiments with a new combination of exotic spices to produce a previously unknown curry for us to try.

I’ve named this blog Now Squared.  I hope to make it a place to catch popping corn – random kernels of ideas and thoughts that jump out at me as I live my life on the present’s leading edge.

{ 4 comments }